abiotic stress abonos abonos fosfatados abonos nitrogenados abonos orgánicos abonos verdes absorción de sustancias nutritivas acanthoscelides obtectus acarina acid soils adaptación adaptación al cambio climático adaptation adn adopción de innovaciones adoption aerial surveying aeroponics afforestation aflatoxins aflp africa african cassava mosaic virus age agentes interesados agribusiness agricultores agricultura agricultura climáticamente inteligente agricultural development agricultural extension agricultural policies agricultural practices agricultural production agricultural products agricultural research agricultural sector agriculture agrobiodiversity agroclimatic zones agroecology agroecosystems agroforesteria agroforestry agroindustrial complexes agroindustrial sector agronomía agronomic characters agronomic practices agronomy agropastoral systems aleyrodidae alimentación de los animales alley cropping alley farming almacenamiento almidón aluminio aluminium análisis análisis de costos y beneficios análisis económico análisis estadístico analysis analytical methods anatomía de la planta andropogon andropogon gayanus animal breeding animal diseases animal feeding animal genetic resources animal health animal husbandry animal nutrition animal performance animal population animal power animal production animal products animal traction animals anther culture anthracnosis antibodies antigens antimicrobial resistance aplicación de abonos apomixis appropriate technology aprendizaje aquaculture aquifers arachis arachis pintoi arid zones arroz arroz de secano asociaciones de agricultores aspectos económicos aspergillus flavus assessment bacteria bacterial diseases bamboos bananas banco de genes barley bases de datos bean common mosaic virus bean golden mosaic virus beans beef beef cattle bemisia tabaci biodiversidad biodiversity biodiversity conservation bioenergy biofuels biogas biogeography biología del suelo biological control biological preservation biological resources biology biomasa biomass biotechnology biotecnología biotic stress birth weight blood body measurements body weight bosques botanica bovinae brachiaria brachiaria brizantha brachiaria decumbens brachiaria dictyoneura brachiaria humidicola brachiaria ruziziensis breeding breeding methods breeds browse plants budgets bullocks business management café cajanus cajan calidad calidad de las semillas calliandra calothyrsus calves calving interval cambio climático cambio tecnológico camels canavalia canopy capacidad de carga capacitación capacity building características agronómicas carbon carbon dioxide carbon sequestration carbono carcass composition carotenoides carotenoids cartography case studies cassava cassava starch catchment areas cattle cattle breeds cells centrosema centrosema acutifolium centrosema brasilianum centrosema macrocarpum centrosema pubescens cercopidae cerdo cereals certification chemical composition chemical control chemicophysical properties chemotherapy chickens chickpeas children chromosomes cinc classification clima climate climate change climate change adaptation climate change mitigation climate smart agriculture climate-smart agriculture climatic factors climatic requirements clones cocoa (plant) coconuts coffea coffea arabica coffee coleoptera collaboration collections colletotrichum colletotrichum gloeosporioides colletotrichum lindemuthianum colombia combining ability comercio commercialization common beans communication communication technology communities community development community forestry community involvement community management complejos agroindustriales composición botánica composición quimica composition composting computer software comunidades rurales concession (land) conferences conflicts conocimiento indígena conservación de suelos conservación del germoplasma conservation agriculture constraints consumer behaviour consumers consumo consumo de alimentos consumption contamination contenido de materia seca contenido proteico control biológico control cultural control de enfermedades control de insectos control de la erosión control de malezas control de plagas control químico cooking cooperación cooperación internacional cooperation cooperatives coparticipación corporate culture cosecha cost benefit analysis costos costos de producción costs cotton cover plants covid-19 cowpeas cows cratylia crecimiento credit crop improvement crop management crop modelling crop production crop residues crop rotation crop yield cropping systems crops crossbreds crossbreeding crude protein cruzamiento cryopreservation cuencas hidrográficas cultivars cultivation cultivation systems cultivo cultivo de tejidos cultivo intercalado cultivos cultivos asociados cultural control cuttings cycling dairies dairy cattle dairy farms dairy industry dairying damage dams data data analysis data collection databases datos de producción datos estadísticos decentralization decision making deficiencias del suelo deforestación deforestation degradación de tierras degradación del suelo degradation degraded forests demand desarrollo agrícola desarrollo rural desmodium desmodium ovalifolium deterioration developing countries development development aid development plans development policies development programmes development projects development research developmental stages diagnosis diet dieta diffusion of information diffusion of research difusión de la investigación digestibilidad digestibility dioscorea dioscorea alata dioscorea rotundata dipterocarpaceae disease control disease prevalence disease resistance disease transmission diseases distribución geográfica distribution diversification dna documentation domestic animals domestic gardens domestication drainage draught animals drinking water drought drought resistance drought stress drought tolerance drug resistance drug therapy drugs dry matter dry matter content dry season drying drylands earthworms east coast fever ecología ecology economía economic analysis economic aspects economic development economic growth economic impact economic situation economic value economics ecosistema ecosystem services ecosystems education efficiency electroforesis electrophoresis elisa emission empoasca kraemeri empowerment encuestas enemigos naturales energy energy consumption energy generation enfermedades de las plantas enfermedades fungosas enriquecimiento de los alimentos ensayos de variedades enterprises entomología entomology entorno socioeconómico environment environmental degradation environmental factors environmental impact environmental impact assessment environmental management environmental policies enzymes epidemiology equipment equity erinnyis ello erosion erosión erosion control establecimiento de plantas estudios de casos prácticos ethnic groups ethnobotany etiology etíopia evaluación evaluación de tecnologías evaluación del impacto evaluation evapotranspiration evolution ewes experimentation explotación en pequeña escala exports extensión extension activities fallow fallow systems farm area farm income farm size farmer field schools farmer participation farmers farmers associations farming farming systems farmland farms farmyard manure fattening fauna del suelo feed conversion efficiency feed crops feed grasses feed intake feed legumes feed production feed resources feeding feeding habits feeding systems feeds fermentation fertilidad del suelo fertility fertilization fertilizer application fertilizers field experimentation field experiments fijación del nitrógeno finance financing fincas experimentales fires fish fisheries fishes fisiología animal fisiología vegetal fitomejoramiento fitopatología flemingia macrophylla flooding floración flours flow rate flowering food consumption food crops food enrichment food fortification food production food safety food security food supply food systems foods forage forecasting forest conservation forest ecology forest fires forest law forest management forest plantations forest products forest products industry forest resources forest trees forestry forestry policies forests forrajes fortificación de alimentos fósforo freezing freshwater frijol fruit trees fruits frutas tropicales fuelwood funding fungal diseases fungi fungicides fusarium fusarium oxysporum ganadería ganado ganado bovino ganancia de peso gases de efecto invernadero geminiviruses gender gender analysis gene banks gene expression gene flow gene pools genes genetic engineering genetic maps genetic markers genetic polymorphism genetic resistance genetic resources genetic transformation genetic variation genética genetics genomas genomes genomics genotipos genotype environment interaction genotypes geographical distribution geographical information systems germination germoplasma germplasm germplasm collections germplasm conservation gestión del conocimiento ghana gis gliricidia sepium glossina morsitans glossinidae glycine max glycoproteins goats governance government grain grain legumes gramineas gramíneas forrajeras grasses grassland management grasslands grazing grazing systems green manures greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse gases groundnuts groundwater groundwater recharge growth growth rate guidelines habitats harvest index harvesting hay health health hazards heifers herbicidas herbicides heritability heterosis hibridación híbridos hierro high yielding varieties highlands hillsides history hojas homoptera honduras households human nutrition humid tropics humid zones hunting hybridization hybrids hydrology hyparrhenia rufa identification illegal logging immune response immunity immunization immunology impact assessment imports in vitro in vitro culture inbred lines incentives income income generation indicators indigenous breeds indigenous knowledge indigenous organisms indigenous peoples industria de semillas industry infection information information services information systems infrastructure ingresos injurious insects injurious mites innovación innovation innovation adoption innovation systems inoculación inoculation inorganic fertilizers insect control insect pests insecticides insectos dañinos instituciones de investigación institutions insurance integrated control integrated management integrated pest management intensification intercropping international agreements international cooperation international organizations international trade international waters interspecific hybridization investigación investigación agraria investigación de mercados investigación en la finca investment ipomoea batatas iron irrigated farming irrigated land irrigated rice irrigation irrigation canals irrigation schemes irrigation systems irrigation water isariopsis griseola knowledge management lablab purpureus laboratory equipment labour labranza lactation laderas lambs land land cover land degradation land management land ownership land races land reform land resources land tenure land use land use planning landscape law learning leaves legal rights legislation legumes leguminosas leguminosas forrajeras leucaena leucaena leucocephala life cycle live weight livelihoods livestock livestock management livestock numbers livestock production living standards local communities local government loci de rasgos cuantitativos logging losses lumbricidae lymphocytes maíz maize malaria malawi malezas malnutrición malnutrition management manejo de praderas manejo del cultivo manejo del suelo mangifera indica mangroves manihot manihot esculenta mano de obra mapas mapas genéticos mapping maps marcadores genéticos market access market economies market research marketing marketing techniques markets materia orgánica del suelo materiales de enseñanza materiales de propagación mathematical models mealybugs measurement meat meat production medio ambiente medios de vida mejora de pastizales melinis melinis minutiflora meloidogyne mercadeo mercados metabolism metastigmata methane methodology methods métodos mice micosis micronutrients micropropagation microsatélites microsatellites migration milk milk production milk products milk yield millets minerals mining mitigation mixed farming mixed pastures modelling modelos modelos de simulación models molasses molecular genetics molecular markers monitoring monoclonal antibodies mononychellus tanajoa monsoon climate morbidity morphology mortality mozambique multiple use multipurpose breeds musa musa (bananas) mycorrhizae mycoses mycotoxins national parks natural enemies natural resources natural resources management nature conservation nematoda nematodes networks nigeria nitrogen nitrogen fertilizers nitrogen fixation nitrógeno nitrous oxide nodulation nongovernmental organizations nontimber forest products noxious animals nucleotide sequence nutrición nutrición animal nutrición humana nutrient availability nutrient deficiencies nutrient management nutrient uptake nutrients nutrition nutritional requirements nutritive value oestrous cycle oil palms on-farm research ontology ordenación de recursos organic fertilizers organic matter oryza glaberrima oryza sativa ownership oxisoles paisaje países en desarrollo palm oils panicum panicum maximum papel de la mujer parasites parasitoids participación comunitaria participación de agricultores participation participatory approaches participatory management participatory research participatory rural appraisal partnerships parturition pastizal mixto pastizales pastoralism pastoralists pastoreo pasture improvement pastures pathogenicity pathogens patogenicidad payment schemes pcr peatlands pennisetum glaucum pennisetum purpureum perú pest control pest insects pest management pest resistance pesticides pests pests of plants ph phaeoisariopsis griseola phaseolus phaseolus acutifolius phaseolus coccineus phaseolus lunatus phaseolus polyanthus phaseolus vulgaris phenacoccus manihoti phenology phenotypes phosphate fertilizers phosphorus photosynthesis phylogeny physiology phytophthora phytophthora infestans phytoseiidae plagas plagas de plantas planificación planning plant anatomy plant breeding plant collections plant diseases plant establishment plant genetic resources plant habit plant nutrition plant pathology plant physiological process plant physiology plant production plant propagation plant viruses plantains plantas plantas de cobertura plantas forrajeras plantas silvestres plantas transgénicas plantations planting plants pobreza policies politics pollination polymorphism population population density population dynamics population genetics population growth postharvest technology potassium potatoes poultry poverty praderas precios precipitation prices private sector procedencia procesamiento processed products processing producción producción animal producción de carne producción de semillas producción lechera producción vegetal production production costs production data production systems productividad productivity profitability project evaluation projects propagation materials property rights propiedades físico - químicas suelo protected areas protein content proteins provenance proyectos de desarrollo proyectos de investigación pseudomonas syringae public health public sector pueraria pueraria phaseoloides pumping pumps pyricularia pyricularia oryzae pythium quality quantitative trait loci radopholus similis raíces rain rain forests rainfed farming ralstonia solanacearum rangelands recurrent selection recursos genéticos recursos genéticos vegetales recursos naturales redd-plus redes de investigación regeneration regulations rehabilitation remote sensing rendimiento rendimiento de cultivos renewable energy renta rentabilidad reports reproduction reproductive performance reproductivity research research institutions research networks research programmes research projects research support reservas genéticas reservoirs resilience resiliencia frente a impactos y crisis resistance to injurious factors resistencia a agentes dañinos resistencia a la enfermedad resistencia a la sequía resistencia a las plagas resistencia genética resource conservation resource management resources rflp rhipicephalus appendiculatus rhizobium rhizoctonia rhizoctonia solani rice right of access risk risk assessment risk management risk reduction river basins rivers rna role of women root crops root rots roots rotación de cultivos rotational cropping rubber rumen ruminants runoff rural areas rural communities rural development sabanas sampling sanitation satellite imagery savannas screening seasons secado secondary forests sediment seed seed characteristics seed industry seed potatoes seed production seed quality seed treatment seedlings seeds seguridad alimentaria selección selección recurrente selection selection criteria semiarid zones semillas sequía services servicios de los ecosistemas sesbania sesban sex sheep shifting cultivation siembra silage silviculture silvopastoral systems simulation models síntomas sistemas agropascícolas sistemas de cultivo sistemas de explotación sistemas de información geográfica sistemas de pastoreo sistemas de producción site factors sloping land small enterprises small farms small ruminants small scale farming smallholders snap beans social aspects social change social participation social welfare socioeconomic aspects socioeconomic development socioeconomic environment soil soil analysis soil biology soil chemicophysical properties soil conservation soil deficiencies soil degradation soil erosion soil fauna soil fertility soil management soil moisture soil organic matter soil properties soil requirements soil toxicity soil types soja solanum tuberosum solar energy solid wastes sorghum sorghum bicolor sostenibilidad sowing soybeans spacing spatial analysis spatial distribution species sphaceloma manihoticola spodoptera frugiperda stakeholders standards starch starch crops state intervention statistical analysis statistical data statistical methods stems stocking density storage strategies straw stress striga hermonthica stylosanthes stylosanthes capitata stylosanthes guianensis stylosanthes macrocephala subhumid zones subsidies suelo suelo ácido superficie de la explotación suplementos alimentarios supplementary feeding supplements supply supply balance surface water surveys sustainability sustainable agriculture sustainable development sustainable development goals sweet potatoes swine symptoms systems systems analysis tagosodes orizicolus taninos tannins tapioca taxonomía taxonomy teaching materials techniques technological changes technology technology evaluation technology transfer tecnología tecnología postcosecha teledetección temperatura temperature tenure tenure systems terreno en declive theileria theileria parva theobroma cacao tickborne diseases tillage timber timing tipos de suelos tissue culture tolerance toma de decisiones toxicidad toxicidad del suelo toxicity trace elements trade traditional farming traditional methods training training courses training materials transferencia de tecnología transformación genética transformation transgenic plants transhumance tratamiento de semillas trees trends trialeurodes vaporariorum tropical africa tropical forests tropical fruits tropical soils tropical zones tropics trypanosoma trypanosoma brucei trypanosoma congolense trypanosoma vivax trypanosomes (phytomonas) trypanosomiasis tubers uganda upland rice urban agriculture urban areas urbanization urea uromyces phaseoli uses usos utilización de la tierra vaccination vaccines valor nutritivo valuation value chains value systems variación genética variants variedades variedades de alto rendimiento varieties variety trials vectores vectors vegetables vegetación vegetation vertisols veterinary services vigna unguiculata villages virology viroses virosis virus virus de las plantas virus del mosaico común frijol viruses waste management wastewater irrigation wastewater treatment water water availability water balance water conservation water harvesting water law water levels water management water policy water pollution water power water productivity water quality water requirements water resources water reuse water scarcity water security water storage water stress water supply water use water use efficiency water user associations watershed management watersheds weaning weaning weight weed control weeding weeds weevils weight weight gain wells west africa wet season wetlands wheat wheats wild animals wild plants wildlife wildlife conservation women women's participation woodlands working animals xanthomonas xanthomonas campestris xanthomonas campestris phaseoli yams yield components yield gap yields youth zabrotes subfasciatus zea mays zebu cattle zinc zona tropical zoonoses zornia